writing 7

Modern IT

Modern businesses have full visibility of their cost structures. These companies do not treat IT as a cost that they just pay for. Instead, they have a fully automated environment where their IT costs and infrastructure productivity is directly tied to their revenue. They typically have a high-density datacenter with an optimized TCO model with highly efficient computing environments.

On the other hand, traditional businesses are bogged down by their inability to assess ROI on their IT. Their server utilization ranges from 5-15 percent, with low visibility into their infrastructure. They treat IT as a cost, and they merely consume it. For global corporations, adopting a public cloud is only deferring their decisions and thinking short term in addressing their cost propositions. The right approach is to address costs end-to-end from the grid to the application level and be able to fine-tune the costs in all aspects of development, production and operations.

Technologies like software-defined hyperscale infrastructure and containers, among others, contribute to better asset utilization thereby bringing in direct benefits of cost economics. For example, containers have low runtime requirements and, together with a shared infrastructure, allows for a tremendous increase in resource utilization, thereby reducing the costs. Another example is the dynamic configurability of capacity (versus pre-configured) in software-defined hyperscale infrastructures, which allows you to optimize your operational costs.

Writing 5

Networking

Hub –  A hub is basically a multiport repeater. A hub connects multiple wires coming from different branches, for example, the connector in star topology which connects different stations. Hubs cannot filter data, so data packets are sent to all connected devices.  In other words, collision domain of all hosts connected through Hub remains one.  Also, they do not have intelligence to find out best path for data packets which leads to inefficiencies and wastage.

Bridge – A bridge operates at data link layer. A bridge is a repeater, with add on functionality of filtering content by reading the MAC addresses of source and destination. It is also used for interconnecting two LANs working on the same protocol. It has a single input and single output port, thus making it a 2 port device.

 Switch – A switch is a multi port bridge with a buffer and a design that can boost its efficiency(large number of  ports imply less traffic) and performance. Switch is data link layer device. Switch can perform error checking before forwarding data, that makes it very efficient as it does not forward packets that have errors and  forward good packets selectively to correct port only.  In other words, switch divides collision domain of hosts, but broadcast domain  remains same.

Routers – A router is a device like a switch that routes data packets based on their IP addresses. Router is mainly a Network Layer device. Routers normally connect LANs and WANs together and have a dynamically updating routing table based on which they make decisions on routing the data packets. Router divide broadcast domains of hosts connected through it.

Writing 6

Operating system

An operating system, or "OS," is software that communicates with the hardware and allows other programs to run. It is comprised of system software, or the fundamental files your computer needs to boot up and function. Every desktop computer, tablet, and smartphone includes an operating system that provides basic functionality for the device.Common desktop operating systems include Windows, OS X, and Linux. While each OS is different, most provide a graphical user interface, or GUI, that includes a desktop and the ability to manage files and folders. They also allow you to install and run programs written for the operating system. Windows and Linux can be installed on standard PC hardware, while OS X is designed to run on Apple systems. Therefore, the hardware you choose affects what operating system(s) you can run.When software developers create applications, they must be write and compile them for a specific operating system. This is because each OS communicates with the hardware differently and has a specific application program interface, or API, that the programmer must use. While many popular programs are crossplatform, meaning they have been developed for multiple OSes, some are only available for a single operating system. Therefore, when choosing a computer, it is important to make sure the operating system supports the programs you want to run.

Writing 3
               Computer and smartphone tablets

A computer is a device that can be instructed to carry out an arbitrary set of arithmetic or logical operations automatically. The ability of computers to follow a sequence of operations, called a program, make computers very applicable to a wide range of tasks.  The Internet is run on computers and it connects millions of other computers.Difference between Tablet and Smartphone
Key difference: Tablets are a cross between smartphones and laptops, have a bigger screen than smartphones and provide a better multimedia experience. Smartphones are mobiles that have capabilities like mini handheld computers.The major difference between smartphones and tablets is their connectivity. All smartphone, nowadays, have Wi-Fi and 3G connectivity. This means that they are able to connect to the internet through a Wi-Fi signal, and are able to use the 3G networks to call, send SMS, as well as, send and download data. However, most tablets only have Wi-Fi connectivity. Some tablets do come with both Wi-Fi and 3G connectivity, but they tend to cost more.Of course you could make things easy and plump for both a shiny new smartphone and a tablet, but they don't come and cheap and for many of us we only realistically need one or the other.

Writing  4

                      Technology communication

A lot of people say about the effects of technology on communication. Do you agree or disagree?Of course, we agree.Over the years, communications technology is maturing grew rapidly.People grow more tracks that we have become easier to use.Using technology in communication has become a necessity, its now part of our lives. People communicate through emails, faxes, Mobile phones, texting services, video conferences, video chart-rooms and social media channels. As time goes on, more emerging technologies will change the way we communicate and it will be up to us to embrace them or not. Let’s look at the impact or use of technology in communication both to individuals and businesses. Because technology has completely changed how these two parties are communicating.

In conclusion, technology has transformed the way we communicate , it has created a big impact in how businesses interact with consumers and how friends interact with each other.

Speaking 1

  What is ICT

Stands for "Information and Communication Technologies." ICT refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunication. It is similar to Information Technology (IT), but focuses primarily on communication technologies. This includes the Internet, wireless networks, cell phones, and other communication mediums.

In the past few decades, information and communication technologies have provided society with a vast array of new communication capabilities. For example, people can communicate in real-time with others in different countries using technologies such as instant messaging, voice over IP (Voip), and video-conferencing. Social networking  websites like Facebook allow users from all over the world to remain in contact and communicate on a regular basis.

Modern information and communication technologies have created a "global village," in which people can communicate with others across the world as if they were living next door. For this reason, ICT is often studied in the context of how modern communication technologies affect society.